英語中最基本的五種句子結(jié)構(gòu)包括：S+V（主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），S+V+DO（主謂加單賓語），S+V+P（主謂賓補），S(主語)＋V(謂語)＋I(xiàn)(間接賓語)＋D(直接賓語)，以及S(主語)＋V(動詞)＋O (賓語)＋Complement(補語)。

1. S+V（主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）：這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，常見的有appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise等。例如：The students work very hard.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力；She apologized to me again.她再次向我道歉；The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。

2. S+V+P（主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)）：這種句型中的系動詞一般分為兩類，一類表示狀態(tài)，如be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain等；另一類表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果，如become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。例如：Several players lay flat on the playground.幾個隊員平躺在操場上；We should remain modest and prudent any time.我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持謙虛謹(jǐn)慎；This kind of food tastes terrible.這種食物吃起來很糟糕；The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.這幅畫在一定的距離看更漂亮一些；Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和；Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那種食物，已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了；The facts prove true.事實證明是正確的。

3. S+V+O（主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)）：這種句型中的動詞應(yīng)為及物動詞或者可以后接賓語的動詞短語，句子中有時含有與賓語有關(guān)的狀語。例如：You can put the books in your bag.你可以把書放在書包里；Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我們這里的農(nóng)民種很多種蔬菜；She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞臺上露面的機會；I prefer to make web pages.我更喜歡做網(wǎng)頁。

4. S+V+IO+DO（主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)）：這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指“人”，直接賓語常常指“物”。例如：Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物；The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在給孩子們講長征中的故事。這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：1) 動詞 + 賓語 + for sb.；2) 動詞 + 賓語 + to sb.。例如：Please show me your picture. - Please show your picture to me.請把你的畫給我看一下；I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don't lose heart. - I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心，我會給你提供機會的。

5. S+V+O+C（主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)）：這種句型中的賓語+補語可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。擔(dān)任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。例如：Keep the children quiet, please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來；He painted the wall white. 他把墻漆成白色；We found him an honest person.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個誠實的人；His mother told him not to play on the street.他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。

注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。例如：The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項工作。